Augustine s City Of God - 1607 Words

Augustine’s City of God, as a whole, attempts to make the argument that the only place where true happiness can be attained is the city of God. To begin this case, he starts with the claim that human happiness is not available or attainable in this lifetime and that it is vain to think so. He argues that happiness is not a human achievement but instead a gift from God in the afterlife. This claim is controversial because it refutes what previous philosophers have been saying about happiness for centuries. It flips around ideas like Aristotle’s that stated that happiness came from exercising your virtues and instead says that humans are unable to do so. I believe that his argument is valid and logically makes sense, but I do not agree with what it means and what it is built upon. Augustine uses a three-premise deductive argument to defend his claims. This means that using three pieces of evidence, he will attempt to decisively prove that his conclusion is true. The conclusion Augustine is trying to reach is that humans cannot achieve happiness in this lifetime. His first premise (P1) explains that people attempt to achieve happiness during life through either long-term enjoyment of what he calls natural objects of desire, or the long-term exercise of virtue. His second premise (P2) makes the claim however that humans cannot enjoy these natural objects of desire in the long-term. Lastly, his third premise (P3) argues that humans cannot in fact exercise true virtue. It is setShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Saint Augustine s The City Of God 1045 Words   |  5 PagesConfessions Book Eight (8) and The City of God Book Five (5), Saint Augustine addresses the criticism surrounding the compatibility of God’s foreknowledge and human free will. Augustine insists on two (2) truths: God is the cause of everything and man has the freedom of choice. Early in Augustine’s career, there is an emphasis on the will. As Augustine’s understanding of human agency begins to develop, his idea of human free will matures. Initially, Augustine describes himself as having two (2)Read MoreThe Birth Of The Monastic Movement Affect Augustine s Thinking About Marriage1020 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ Augustine- Born in North Africa, becomes the bishop of Hippo and writes the confessions †¢ Monica- Augustine’s mother and a devoted Christian †¢ Adeodatus- He was a â€Å"gift from God† and was very unhappy when he lost his partner after 13 years †¢ Manicheism- a new religion, Augustine became part of this religion when he was about 20 years old. †¢ Elect- Special people were vegetarians and are certain fruits and vegetables. †¢ Hearers- People that were forbidden from the Elects. †¢ Ambrose of Milan- aRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Philosophy And Philosophy1451 Words   |  6 Pagesanswers that are still up to debate. Augustine, a highly respected philosopher and theologian, used his understanding of human life in theology in order to answer this intensely sought out question. Rather Socrates, also a highly respected philosopher, shifted away from using a theological undertone and foundation, and looked solely to knowledge for and as the answer. Socrates believed that knowing the nature of good leads to the best way of living, while Augustine believed that the root of wrongdoingRead MoreSaint Augustine s Influence On The Development Of Western Christianity And Western1220 Words   |  5 Pages Saint Augustine, also known as Augustine of Hippo was an early Christian philosopher and theologian. He was born on November the 13th, 354 CE in Thagaste and died on August the 28th, 430 CE in Hippo Regius. Saint Augustine s writings and works have had a profound influence on the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy. Augustine was born in the municipium of Thagaste (now Souk Ahras, Algeria) in Roman Africa. His mother was a devout ChristianRead MoreSaint Augustine s Life Of Augustine1679 Words   |  7 PagesSaint Augustine The Life of Augustine Augustine was born in North Africa in AD 354 in the city of Thagaste. His father, Patricius, was a pagan and his mother, Monica, a devoted Catholic who relentlessly prayed for her son s salvation. Saint Augustine of Hippo wrote Confessions between AD 397 and AD 398. He is regarded as a great theologian, philosopher, and one of most prolific Latin author s of many works. Augustine was schooled at Tagaste and Madaura and later at Carthage where he became interestedRead MoreBiography Of Saint Augustine Of Hippo1163 Words   |  5 PagesSaint Augustine of Hippo lived his life always striving to excel in whatever he did. His accomplishments are woven into today’s society as his influence was one of the most powerful. A man of such importance that his thoughts influenced the way people of his time and people today think and perceive the world. He is known as being one of the most important people involved in the development of Western Christianity. Born as Aurelius Augustinus on No vember 13th, 354 in what is present day Tagaste, heRead MoreHumanism And The Renaissance Era940 Words   |  4 Pageswith all things Christian, God, and Faith driven. I partial agree with this statement; Humanism in the Renaissance Era was the notion that only the Human existence is what mattered. It rejected all aspects of the medieval era, a millennium, obsessed with all things Christian, God, and Faith driven. I believe the people during this time were very worried about what happens after death, or heaven. Humanism by definition to me is that the person doesn’t believe in a god or any faith, but does believeRead MoreQuestions For A Philosopher On The Real World1505 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Augustine there are two essential questions for a philosopher examining the real world. The first question has to do with the human soul, in which we would concentrate on examining the self. And the second question has to do with God, which helps us better understand our existence. We become more capable of a happy life by getting to better know ourselves. However, the only way we can become truly happy is by getting to know who God is. By knowing both your self and by knowing who God is, isRead MoreEssay on Machiavellis The Prince: Politics, War, and Human Nature1334 Words   |  6 Pagesprince to know well how to use the beast and the man. (Machiavelli, The Prince, p. 69[1]). In this swift blow, Niccolà ² Machiavelli seems to strike down many visions of morality put up on pedestals by thinkers before his time. He doesnt turn to God or to some sort of common good for his po litical morality. Instead, he turns to the individual?more specifically, self-preservation in a position of power. Machiavellis vision rules out the possibility of a higher political authority if higherRead MoreThe Problem of Evil accoding to Saint Augustine Essay628 Words   |  3 PagesThe Problem of Evil Saint Augustine was one of the first to really address the problem of evil in the Christian sense. After disbanding from the Manicheans due to his dissatisfaction with the way they viewed the problem, he reasoned a sound solution to the problem of evil that could put Christians minds at ease. Saint Augustine lived from 354-430. During the era in which he lived, his world was a crockpot of instability and suffering. The Roman Empire, a symbol of strength, was falling. He lost

The Importance Of The Romantic Period And Feeling Melancholy

The Importance of the Romantic Period and Feeling Melancholy Romanticism; it s definitely a term that resembles some sort of soft, rose-tinted obscurity to its mysterious meaning. According to the online version of the Merriam-Webster dictionary, romanticism can be defined as a movement â€Å"characterized chiefly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions†¦ an exaltation of the primitive and the common man, an appreciation of external nature, an interest in the remote, a predilection for melancholy, and the use in poetry of older verse forms†. However, when most people think of the word romanticism, they would usually think about fictional events revolving around love†¦show more content†¦This exact same literary movement that originally began in Europe, was also around the same time when plenty of dramatic changes were taking place as well. For instance, countries such as England had always been known to be one of the l eading powers in both the old and the new world. And that rise to power would only continue to increase after the start of the industrial revolution. So, when it came to the point when all of these different revolutions and urban transformations began, England knew that it had to keep up with the times too. Without England and its important role that it shared with the progression towards a modernist approach of seeing the world, the Romantic Period, nor the English language would probably never exist or be the literary movement that we are so familiar with today. Some of the world’s renown authors and poets from the Romantic Period include William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. These are all important Romantic figures from the early Romantic Period. As for the later Romantic Period, individuals such as Lord Byron, Percy Shelly, and John Keats left behind some of their most important works during the Romantic Period. The beauty behind the Romantic Per iod is that the period itself introduced more women authors to the literary world as well. Some of these writers are Anna Leticia Barbauld, Charlotte Smith, andShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Victorian Literature1437 Words   |  6 Pages Are the Victorians Romantics? Characteristics of Victorian literature are largely artists that are inspired by both the art that came before them and the event that occurred during the time that they were working. Victorian literature is largely characterized by the struggle of working people and the triumph of right over wrong, which do in part can be hard to decipher at times. This means that a piece of work can seem Victoria, but may not have been written in the Victorian era, or something canRead MoreRomanticism1649 Words   |  7 PagesRomanticism in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic period followed the era of logical, philosophical, and social movement in the 17th to 18th century. However, as the 19th century began, Romanticism came into the light with a new perspective that intrigued the people. It stressed emphasis on emotions and imagination while also helping to realize the importance of self-expression. The American Romanticism movement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreFrankenstein: Mary Shelleys Litererary Contribution During the Age of Enlightenment1038 Words   |  4 Pageswas at its peak from the many entertainments available during this time period. Great stories came from writers who incorporated various elements to make their stories interesting. Mary Shelly lived during this time period when Romanticism was at its highest. Everyone understood the language of the Romantics which contained different elements that were not necessarily about love referring to the common descri ption of romantic. Some of these elements are Emotions, Childhood, Nature, The individualRead MoreThe And The French Revolution1419 Words   |  6 PagesCasper David Friedrich was a German Romantic artist in the nineteenth century that is most known for his landscape paintings that display the romantic ideals of individualism, nature, physical and emotional passion and an interest in the mysteries of the world. Where did these ideals of Romanticism begin? Taking a look back into the 17th century, there was another intellectual movement that changed society, culture and politics. The Enlightenment was a time period lasting throughout the 18th centuryRead MoreRomanticism in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William Blake1393 Words   |  6 PagesRomanticism in William Blakes Poem William Blake was a poet, painter, and a printmaker all during the period in literature known as the Romantic time period. The Romantic time period, also known in Literature as Romanticism began in Europe, mainly France and Britain around the 1800s (Barker) and it was first defined as a tool to in literature and literary criticisms (Galitz). The Romantic period did not just focus on literature, but also on the subjects of art and knowledge which was fueled byRead More The Romantic Period Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romantic Period The Romantic Period began in the mid-eighteenth century and extended into the nineteenth century. Romanticism was about creative thinking, â€Å"thinking outside the box†, completely contradicting Neoclassicism, which was about straight forward thinking, â€Å"thinking inside the box†. It was a philosophical movement that redefined the fundamental ways of what people thought about themselves and the world around them. The Romantic period overlapped with the â€Å"ageRead MoreThe Age Of Manufacturing That Preceded The Romantic Movement1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe age of manufacturing that preceded the Romantic Movement was characterized by industrialization and scientific, professional thinking. The philosophy of the era teaches that thoughts and assertions are only meaningful if they can be confirmed with evidence or valid reasoning. As a result, any assertion about entities from the abstract or conceptual alike, whether a statement about mermaids and unicorns or God and nature, is considered meaningless since they cannot be confirmed by factual reportRead MoreRomanticism versus Neoclassicism2775 Words   |  12 PagesNeoclassical and Romantic movements cover the period of 1750 to 1850. Neoclassicism showed life to be more rational than it really was. The Romantics favoured an interest in nature, picturesque, violent, sublime. Unlike Neo_classicism, which stood for the order, reason, tradition , society, intellect and formal diction, Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constrained rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. In this movement the emphasis wasRead MoreSimilarities and Dissimilarities Between Shelley and Keats6975 Words   |  28 Pagesalso little with each other, while each are very much similar in thoughts, imagination, creation and also their lifetime. 01)  Attitude towards the Nature P. B. Shelley: Whereas older Romantic poets looked at nature as a realm of communion with pure existence and with a truth preceding human experience, the later Romantics looked at nature primarily as a realm of overwhelming beauty and aesthetic pleasure. While Wordsworth and Coleridge often write about nature in itself, Shelley tends to invoke natureRead More`` Ode : Imitations Of Immortality `` By William Wordsworth1286 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Wordsworth once defined poetry as being â€Å"a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility.† In his poem, â€Å"Ode: Imitations of Immortality,† Wordsworth expresses his powerful feelings about the natural world and his struggle to understand why humanity has failed to recognize the value of nature. He is saddened by the fact that time has stripped away much of natures glory, depriving him of the wild spontaneity he once exhibited as a youth. Wordsworth uses the symbolism

Save Our Earth free essay sample

First of all, let us praise to the Almighty Allah SWT, because of His Blessing we are able to attend this English speech contest. Secondly, may peace be upon the prophet Muhammad Saw who has guided us from the darkness into the brightness. I also would like to say many thanks to the juries and MC who have given me opportunity to deliver an English speech in front of you all. Ladies and Gentlemen, The title of my speech is â€Å"Save Our Earth; Save Our Forest†. As we know, people from all over the world always commemorate Earth Day every 22nd April.The idea of earth day is based on the awareness to save this world from the environmental destruction. It aims at making global movements to participate actively in saving our earth – the only planet in which we live. Our country, Indonesia, which is known as the emerald of equator, has an important role to keep the balance of world ecological system. We will write a custom essay sample on Save Our Earth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 63 percent (or 1,134,000 km2) of our land territory is still as a forest. Meanwhile, the water area is more than 317,000,000 km2. 17 percent of world plant and animal species live in Indonesia. It indicates that the ecosystem and environmental condition in Indonesia will affect the world.In other words, the environmental damage in Indonesia will influence the sustainability of world environment. Ladies and Gentlemen, One of the causes of environmental damage is deforestation, or known as the destruction of forest. The deforestation has caused many disasters in this world, including Indonesia. Floods, earthquakes and landslides are examples of killing disasters which make us realize that the existence of forest is very important. In Addition, another effect of deforestation is related with the global warming or the increase of global surface temperature which is mainly caused by the greenhouse effects.We all know, one of the most crucial issues in celebrating Earth Day is the global warming. It warns us that our earth is in danger and we should participate actively to take care of our environment. Ladies and Gentlemen, The question is, what is the relationship between Earth Day, global warming, deforestation, and Indonesia? Indonesia lies in the equator, between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Because of its location, Indonesia is rich of rainforests. Scientists state that the function of rainforests is as the lungs of the world. They absorb greenhouse gas emissions, turncarbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2).It means that if deforestation keeps going on, the greenhouse effects can not be reduced and finally the global warming will keep increasing. Ladies and Gentlemen, We live in the same world; in this earth. The importance of saving our environment, especially our rainforests, is the need for all of us, for human being to survive. It is not only for us, but also for our next generation. There are many simple activities that we can do in order to participate in saving our earth. Here are some examples: 1. Stop deforestation and do reforestation movement. Save our earth free essay sample Applicants should include certified copies of supporting documents that have not already been submitted to Victoria University as part of an application for admission. A full list of the required documents can be found on the application form. You must be a citizen of an SEAN country wanting to enroll in your first year of undergraduate study at Victoria University of Wellington, and be under the age of 23 on 31 December 2014. Please read the full eligibility criteria for this scholarship in the terms and conditions section of the application. About Victoria UniversityVictoria University of Wellington is one of New Sealants oldest and most prestigious universities, and has an established tradition of excellence in research-based teaching. Victoria is ranked first among New Zealand universities by the New Zealand Governments ranking of research performance of its academic staff. In the 2014 SQ World University Rankings, Victoria is ranked in the top 50 in English Language Literature and Law, in the top 100 in Education Training, Politics, Psychology, and History and in the top 150 in a number of other subjects. We will write a custom essay sample on Save our earth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Victoria is also home to the Victoria Business School, one of an elite group of 58 business schools worldwide that holds the Triple Crown of international accreditations of SQUISH, CABS (Business), and MAMBA. Part of the vibrant, dynamic and bustling Wellington community, Victoria University takes advantage of its capital city status with unique links to the public sector, business, science and innovation, creativity, and the arts.Victoria is proud of providing a supportive and challenging learning environment that produces graduates with leadership skills, who can think critically and communicate effectively, and who an respond creatively to the challenges ahead. Your application for the SEAN Undergraduate Tuition Fees Scholarship Use this form to apply for the scholarship only if you are a citizen of an SEAN country Brunet, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Manner, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand or Vietnam. Note Complete this form in English.Add additional pages if necessary. Documents submitted in support of this application must be in English either originals or a true copy of the original. Certification of true copies must be done by a recognized official or by the institution that sued the documents and must bear the official stamp and signature Of the certifier. Where results from secondary school study and/or university foundation study are not available, it is essential that an original signed set of forecast results are provided by the applicants educational institution.Return this completed application to reach the following address by 31 October 2014: International Programmer Office Victoria International pop BOX 600 Wellington New Zealand Email [emailprotected] AC. NZ Please read the following notes before completing the application form Victoria is pleased to offer six SEAN Undergraduate Tuition Fees Scholarships for 2015. The scholarship covers the tuition fees for the first year of study (two trimesters) of an undergraduate degree at Victo ria university of Wellington. 1.The scholarships will be awarded on merit to outstanding candidates who meet the criteria below: ++ be a citizen of an SEAN country; ++ be completing (or have completed) the academic requirements for admission into an undergraduate degree at Victoria university of Wellington in 2015; ++ have submitted an application to duty at Victoria as an undergraduate International Student in 201 5; ++ have met Victorians English language requirements for undergraduate study; ++ not have lodged, personally or as dependents, a current application for migration or have been granted residence status in New Zealand. . The scholarship can commence in either Trimester 1 or 2, 2015. 3. After the closing date applications will be short-listed on the basis Of outstanding academic merit.

Thesis Essay Example For Students

Thesis Essay THE EFFECTIVENESS OF UNIVERSAL ROBINA CORPORATION ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS COMPLIANCE: AN ASSESSMENT A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the College Management and Marketing Jose Rizal University, Mandaluyong City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in MANAGEMENT: Joy Bolo Keith Diu Ronalyn Pladero June 2013 Chapter 1. The Problems and its Background Introduction Conceptual Framework Research Paradigm Statement of the Problems and Limitations of the Study study Study 5 6 7 8 3 Scope Significance 9 10 Hypothesis of the Assumptions of the Chapter 2. Review of Related Literatures and Studies Foreign Literatures Local Literatures Foreign Studies Studies Chapter 3. Methodology Research Design Population and Sampling Plan Sample size Formula Research Instrument Statistical Treatment Statistical Tools Survey Questionnaire Bibliography Appendix CHAPTER 1 PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 24 Local Environmental problems on both the national and global levels have become more vibrant, public awareness of these problems has rapidly risen. Environmental concerns have also attracted the attention of academic circles and any new research areas are being explored, largely due to increased scientific research capabilities. Since the 1970s, an increasing number of industrialized relating to effective environmental regulations has been emerging with in the area of environmental economics. In this context, concern over the potential effects of environmental regulation may exert on the regulated industries in developed countries. We will write a custom essay on Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some entrepreneurs claim implementing stiffer measures of environmental standards may reduce the ability of polluting industries to compete internationally, because firms have to bear the additional costs of treating nvironmental toxins or pollutants. The only meaningful concept of competitiveness at the national level is productivity. The principal goal of a nation is to produce a high and rising standard of living for its citizens. The ability to do so depend on the productivity with which a nations labor and capital are employed Productivity is the prime determinant of a nations long-run standard of living. (Porter (2000) p. 160) Competitiveness as the collection of factors, policies and institutions which determine the level of productivity of a country and that determine he level of prosperity that can be attained by an economV'(World Economic Forum- Global Competitiveness Report, 2007). This research focuses on an alternative way of looking at the interaction between regulation and competitive firms. It conceives of the regulatory process as inherently competitive, where one company or a group of companies might support greater regulatory stringency because it provides them with a competitive advantage or a larger market. Universal Robina Corporation (URC) traced its beginnings all the way back to 1954. John Gokongwei, Jr. was doing very well then as a trader/importer. He had learned the trade when his father died before the war, and had worked hard through the war and postwar years to prosper. However, while he thrived, he took a long hard look at his company, and correctly predicted that trading would remain a low-margin business. On the other hand, a successful manufacturer controlling its own production and distribution would command more profitable margins. Mr. John decided to construct a corn milling plant to produce glucose and cornstarch, Universal Corn Products (UCP), the first building block of the company that would become URC. For a time, business was good. However, Mr. John was still looking ahead, working with an eye towards the future. While the business was doing very well, it was producing essentially a commodity, which a customer could easily access elsewhere. To stay ahead in the game, Mr. John had to diversify by producing and marketing his own branded consumer foods, similar to the multinational companies in the Philippines like Nestle and Procter Gamble. In a sense, he wanted to put up the first local MNC, borne out of their best practices. Thus, in 1961, Consolidated Food Corporation was born. Their first home run product was Blend 45, the first locally-manufactured coffee blend, dubbed as the Pinoy coffee. This became the largest-selling coffee brand in the market, even beating market leaders Caf? © Puro and Nescafe. After coffee came chocolates. Nips, a panned chocolate similar to M, were a staple of Filipino childhood. In 1963, Robina Farms started operations, beginning with poultry products. This was also the beginning of the vertical integration of the Gokong wei businesses, as the farms would be able to purchase feeds from UCP in the future. Later that decade, Robichem Laboratories would be put up, to cater to the veterinary needs of the farms of the 70s. 966 saw the establishment of Universal Robina Corporation, which pioneered the savory snacks industry in the Philippines through its Chiz Curls, Chippy, and Potato Chips, under the Jack n Jill brand. Other snack products would follow over the years, as the company successfully introduced market leaders like Jack n Jill Pretzels (pretzels), Piattos (fabricated potato chips), and Maxx (hard candy). The coming decades saw more acq uisitions and expansion. In the early 1970s, the Gokongwei family entered the commodities business through the formation of Continental Milling Corporation, for flour milling and production. The late 1980s brought the acquisition of three sugar mills and refineries, under URC Sugar. These two businesses provided stable cash flows, and allowed for further vertical integration in the supply chain, to help URC weather any volatility in the cyclical commodities markets. In line with this strategy, the late 1990s saw the entry of URC into the plastics business, through URC Packaging. The businesses became more diversified, the companies were slowly integrated in rder to streamline operations and minimize costs. In 2005, the present structure of the group was completed. .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 , .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .postImageUrl , .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 , .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6:hover , .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6:visited , .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6:active { border:0!important; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6:active , .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6 .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub72cdcd73f394850c0a9f0b75b4b3de6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jason Leite EssayAll the different companies are now organized under Universal Robina Corporation, divided into three focused groups: The Branded Consumer Foods Group, composed of BCFG Domestic (including packaging) and URC International, for the production and sale of snacks, beverage, and grocery products, The Agro-Industrial Group, composed of Universal Corn Products, Robina Farms, and Robichem, for the production and sale of animal feeds, day-old chicks, hogs, and eterinary medicine, and the Commodity Foods Group, with the Sugar and Flour divisions, for the production of flour and sugar, and for sugar milling and refining services This study will help in sustaining the companys future operation using proper rules and regulation and will also welcome the costumers suggestion, concern, and opinion to the product and service that is provided of the manufacturing firm. The researchers herein accept the strength and weaknesses of the competitiveness of the company that may build costumers loyalty and market share satisfaction. http://www2. urc. com. ph/ ompany_history. tml Environmental management program implies effectiveness and efficiency of the production process and employee benefit when they follow the rules and regulations due to strict requirements. As a result, manufacturing companies need more continuous improvement to meet and ensure the satisfaction of regulatory and mandatory requirement from the government and other recognized institutions and bodies. Maintenance of environmental regulation must be consistent to ensure high quality products. Not done yet/in progress Statement of the Problem environmental regulations compliance. Specifica lly, this study sought to answer the following question: 1 . What is the demographic profile of the respondents of the company in terms of: 1. 1 Age 1. 2 Gender 1. 3 Educational attainment 1. 4 Length of Service in the Company 2. How do the respondents assess the environmental compliance of the company in terms of: 2. 1 Consistency 2. 2 Effectiveness 2. 3 Efficiency 3. Is there any significant difference on how managers and rank and file employees of Universal Robina Corporation perceive the environment regulations in terms of: 3. 1 Environmental Management Program 3. 2 Environmental Policy 4. What are the problems encounter by respondents in compliance to environmental regulations in terms of: 4. 1 Awareness 4. 2 Performance 4. 3 Implementation 5. Is there any significant difference on how managers and rank and file employees value the significance of environmental regulation compliance? Scope and Limitations Considering how effective Universal Robina Corporation is in compliance to environmental regulation policy, it becomes imperative for the researchers to initiate further study in order to sustain the good performance of the company according to their internal environmental regulation involvement. Companies can create competitive advantage by improving the quality than the quantity of the product towards the organizational goals and by monitoring the companys activity to ensure the predetermined goals are met. The study will be beneficial to the following: To the Company, this research study will serve as a basis on how effective they are in complying and promoting Environmental Regulations and could be used as reference to evaluate their employees in terms of individual compliance in their bylaws and code of conducts. To the employees, this thesis will measure the effect of environmental anagement to the stakeholders and can create awareness on the importance of strictly complying in environmental regulations. To the Society and Community, this research study ensures safety of the consumers in every product/goods they are purchasing in the market. This study also creates awareness to the people living in the vicinity of the manufacturing site, regarding the importance of environmental regulation compliance. To the Academe, this research study provides additional insights to the professors and instructors teaching the course which can promotes a much wider and ubjective classroom discussion about the importance of environmental regulations compliance. To the Future researchers, this thesis can serve as their guide/reference in further studying the importance of environmental regulations compliance and how effective manufacturing firms are in terms of promoting strict compliance to this policy. Hypothesis/Assumption Not done yet/inprogress REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Taking care of the environment should be everyones top priority, after all if we ruin this planet there is nowhere else for us to go. Sadly, there are people hat believe we have no effect on our environment and it does not need protecting. These individuals exploit our natural resources with total disregard to the effects of their actions. Federal and state governments have realized this problem and have created laws to stop the uninhibited abuse of our planet. Foreign Literature Guenster (2006) suggested three general causal mechanisms: (1) environmental responsibility is associated with reputational benefits, which can improve relationships with employees, customers, suppliers and lenders; (2) environmental and social responsibility can serve as a proxy for management quality; nd (3) environmental responsibility may reflect innovativeness(consistent with Porter) when environmental issues are governed proactively. Hoekman (2006) found that the impacts of services liberalization shows that policy reforms that increase competition and improve regulatory oversight lead to improved performance in the industries concerned. Assessing the impact of policy reforms in the telecommunications sectors across 86 developing countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Rathindran (2005) found that privatization and competition led to significant improvements in performance. The authors pointed out that a reform program supported by an independent regulator produced the largest gains, an 8% higher level of mainlines, and a 21% higher level of labor productivity when compared to years of partial or no reform. According to Meyer (2011) the political debate over environmental policy has never been as contentious or rancorous as it is today. In Washington the new congress is moving swiftly to roll back twenty-five years of environmental legislation and regulation. Less noticed by the national media, but perhaps of even greater significance, are moves toward environmental deregulation nderway in state houses across the country. Driving these efforts is the widely held belief that three decades of creeping environmental controls has strangled the of many state governments hope that untying the environmental regulation knot will unleash a new burst of economic growth. .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 , .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .postImageUrl , .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 , .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841:hover , .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841:visited , .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841:active { border:0!important; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841:active , .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841 .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b9bd3d578ed34fd86ff0f645ecc7841:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Medieval Art EssayOf course environmental deregulation will not be cost-free. Steady progress toward cleaner air, water and land will be slowed significantly, if not reversed. While this may be of small concern in still pristine states such as Wyoming, the implications for public health, ecology, and the quality of ife in state as New Jersey are direr. Protection and Preservation of rapidly vanishing wildlife, plants, habitats, and ecosystem will be weakened nationwide. Undoubtedly we will lose parts of Americas natural heritage that might otherwise have endured. Nevertheless the economic gains forthcoming from environmental deregulation might well are worth the price. Acc ording to Rotterdam (2012). In August 2011 the European Commission (DG Environmental) appointed Ecorys to carry out a study on incentives driving the improvement of the environmental performance of companies. The overall bjectives of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of incentives in changing the environmental behavior of companies (including the effects of different mixes of incentives). The research therefore focused on analyzing and understanding how incentives work, what different factors play a role in determining outcomes and what lessons might be learned as a result. We were interested particularly in what steps the EIJ and other policy makers should take in future to provide better incentives to firms, so that they decide to improve their environmental performance. Specifically, it onsidered the role and contribution of a potential organizational environmental foot printing (OEF) initiatives in the area of incentives design. Greenstone ( 2012) the economic costs of environmental regulations have been widely debated since the IJ>S. began to restrict pollution emissions more than four decades ago through Clean Air and Water Acts. The conventional wisdom is that stricter environmental standards raise polluting firms costsa of production, which weakens firms position in international markets and raises the prices that consumers face. On the one hand, the decline in U. S. manufacturing employment rom 18 million (25. 3 percent of total US employment) in 1970 to 12 million ( 9. percent of total employment) in 2012 argues that more stringent regulations enhance productivity growth by causing firms to rationalize their operation. Local Literature (LACKS 3 MORE ITEMS) Curtiz (2004) conducted about the environment. Its manufacturing processes, which emplo y facilities and systems for waste water treatment, maintaining air cleanliness, energy conservation and solid waste management, are designed to make optimal use of resources while minimizing environmental impact. Devera and Sanchez (2006) assisted the Environmental and Safety Head n managing all Jollibee Stores in compliance to the environmental permitting requirements and standards as mandated by law. Coordinates with various project related compliance certificates and permits. Coordinates with consultants, store managers, project engineers and managers regarding meetings in line with environmental documents and concerns. Attends to the store operations concerns in line with environmental permits. Coordinates with involved managers in the accomplishment of environmental requirements. Documents and manages all environmental clearances and permits for the stores. Review the conditions of all of the certificates, permits, and clearances to determine areas of risk/threat for the stores and recommends action plans for these. Assist and implement environmental projects for the stores. Evangelista (2005) suggested that Environmental regulations are instrumental to internalizing the social costs of pollution which results from the production activities of polluting industries. Therefore, polluting industries should compensate society for their polluting activities. While people can enjoy cleaner natural environment, which improves social welfare, the compensation causes dditional expenses for production. Foreign studies (LACKS 3 MORE ITEMS) Palmer and Jaffe (2006) suggested that environmental regulation have a positive effect on the performance of domestic firms relative to their foreign competitors by stimulating domestic innovation. We examined the stylized facts regarding environmental expenditures and innovation in a panel of manufacturing industries. We find that lagged environmental compliance expenditures have a significant positive effect on R expenditures when we control for unobserved industry-specific effects. We find little evidence, however, that industries inventive utput (as measured by successful patent application) is related to compliance costs. Gray and Shadbegian (2005) studied that Environmental regulation is viewed in neoclassical economics as a means of force firms to internalize external cost they would otherwise impose on society. Environmental regulation is (or rather should be), therefore, implemented in cases of market failure. Though, in principle, its necessity under conditions of market failure is uncontested in environmental economics. Rent-ling (2008) the policies to be chosen in particular cases and the stringency of regulation are very much subject to debate. Traditionally, the neoclassical economic view has been that regulation has negative effect on productivity and competitiveness, as it leads to higher expenses by businesses and impose constraints on industry behavior. Regulation can also increase uncertainty associated with future investments, so that they are postponed. Given that investment budgets are limited, enforced R for cleaner technology can have the effect of reduced R expenditure in other, more profitable areas, such as a firms core. Local studies (LACKS 3 MORE ITEMS) Bonifacio B. Magtibay (2006). Sanitation as used in this book would

The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009

The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 An act is a law enacted as legislation. The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 was first presented to States Congress (Senate and House of Representatives) in the United States for discussion in July 8 2009. The act covers any financial product or service to be used by a consumer for personal, family, or household purposes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Postner (2009), the Agency has authority over financial products and services ensuring consumers have adequate information on financial products and services so as to make rational decisions. The agency should also be responsible for designing standard products. The agency’s decree is to seek to espouse intelligibility, straightforwardness, justice, answerability, and access in the market for (consumer) financial products or services. Its objective s according to Govtrack (n.d.) include; ensuring that all consumers especially the marginalized have access to financial services, protecting consumers from any form of exploitation and ensure equality in treatment of all consumers, ensuring easy access and use of any information that may help consumers make good decisions in regard to financial products and services, and ensuring smooth running of the financial products and services and bringing out ideas that may bring about growth and development in the markets. Wright and Zywicki (2009) highlight the major setbacks of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency as; It uses high bureaucracy levels which may lead to increased expenses and wastage of time in carrying out the procedures, It has been seen as a major cause of financial crisis as many people result in borrowing to buy houses they could not afford and hence being unable to pay their mortgages and It may reduce competition and availability of credits to consumers and may a lso limit customer choice. Evans and Wright (2010) observe the effects of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency to be; Increased interest rates paid by consumers, reduced borrowing capacity of consumers hence reducing consumer spending and low rate of new jobs created in the economy. Conclusion Although the Consumer Financial Protection Agency has been viewed to have many negative aspects, here are some of the positives aspects I have realized; it ensures that the financial products are of high quality and beneficial to consumers by adhering to set standards. It allows for fair competition and outlaws prepayment penalties and protects consumers against malicious lenders.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations There should be no stiff regulations on borrowers. Regulation should ensure that lenders deal with informed borrowers hence avoiding deception Co nsumers should be given adequate information on changes on rates that may arise during payments of loans There should be penalties on lenders who deceive consumers by taking advantage of their ignorance on financial products and services. Way forward Implementation of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act will affect providers and consumers of financial products and services in some ways; it will lead to sweeping of consumer financial protection. The act will lead to formation of Consumer Financial Protection Agency which will ensure that other existing financial protection laws are executed in a proper manner. It will also control consumer financial products, authorize disclosures, and necessitate businesses to offer consumers plain vanilla products to ascertain quality and standard and strictly enforce penalties against any malpractices. The agency will also prohibit adjustable-rate mortgages since consumers usually don’t put into consideration the possibility of fut ure increase in interest rates and ban pre-payment penalties on mortgages. Reference List Evans, D.S. and Wright, J.D. (2010). The Effect of the Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 on Consumer Credit. George Mason Law Economics Research Paper No. 09-50; Loyola Consumer Law Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2010, pp. 277-335. Govtrack (n.d). Text of H.R. 3126: Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009.  Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/111/hr3126/textAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Postner, A.R (2009). Treating Financial Consumers as Consenting Adults. Wall Street journal, New York: Dow Jones Company. Wright, J D. and Zywicki, T. J. (2009). Three Problematic Truths about the Consumer Financial Protection Agency Act of 2009. Lombard Street, Vol. 1, No. 12, September 14, 2009; George Mason Law Econ omics Research Paper No. 09-48.

Understanding Cities and Regions

Understanding Cities and Regions Understanding cities and regions is a significantly complicate and confusing task. This process enables individuals and government agencies to effectively plan for resource distribution and management of regions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Cities and Regions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A city refers to an entity that occupies space or an element in a network of urban centres. On the other hand, a region entails an intermediary entity that occupies a position in the continuum of a country and a city (Frey 2007, p. 112). In this regard, the distinction of the two entities involves the analysis of spatial and temporal comparisons, structural change, design and the implementation of policies. Sometimes, disagreements arise regarding when the categorising of a city as a region and vice versa. Similarly, cities and regions share multiple traits. These include their representation of an open system w ith respect to trade, factor mobility, and government transfers (Short 1996, p. 424). Nevertheless, a detail analysis of the two economic entities will depict the fundamental difference that supersedes the mere analysis concerning the dimensions of the area or population. From the inception of the concept of urbanisation, several elements of an urban area have been considered in evaluating the components of a city. Classically, cities were considered urban areas that exhibited economical, social, and political influences on people. In this regard, various theories attempt to explain the origin and development of urban areas.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theories that have clearly elicited how urban areas originated in the past include hydraulic, economic, military, and religious theories (Parr 2008, p. 3012). All these theories identify the need of populationsâ €™ confederation. The theories have similar primary characteristics concerning size, specialisation of labour, class-structured society and state organisation. Notably, the population, environment, technology, and social organisation influenced the emergence of urban areas. Overtime, the rating of the urban areas with the focus on industrial production underwent considerable transformations. At the same time, industrial capitalism input a crucial element in the industrial cities’ definition. During this transition period, the urban areas were segregated to accommodate the needs of all individuals as per their classes. Quartering such as luxury areas, gentrified city, suburban, tenement, and abandon cities existed. All these quarters catered for the needs of the mighty and the poor in the society. After the industrial period, the urban areas transformed to the postmodern cities. In this regard, the adoption of restructuring in the economic, social, and political segments w as necessary. The restructuring of the economic base in the urban areas involved a fundamental change in the organisation and technology of the industrial production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Cities and Regions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, it led to the formation of a global system of world cities through the spatial division of labour and specialisation (Clapp 1971, p. 128). Similarly, a change in social structure was witness because of the social fragmentation created by the wide gap between the rich and the poor. Nevertheless, there was an increase in the radical restructuring of the urban forms like megacity, metroplex, technoburb, technopolis, and exopolis to accommodate the change in the urban imagery. Historically, the imagery of the cities influenced the urban areas’ rating. In this regard, myths and ideologies were developed to describe the exact nature of urban areas (Hufschmidt 1969, p.88). The common anti-urban myths included unnatural, anonymous, sin, or treat cities. The pro-urban views included the civilized, soft, free, or radical cities. Progressively, urban ideologies emerged which help to characterise the nature of a city as a wannabee world, clean and green or ‘look! No more factories’ city. At that time, cities were categorised with regard to the cost of living, employment and crime rates, arts and climate. Evidently, multiple means of evaluating cities have been formulated. Additionally, presently, competition is no longer regional or national, but globally. Therefore, In this regard, it is crucial for any city to identify its market niche and create a favourable image. Apparently, the region definition has been the main area of interest in distinguishing between regions and cities. Analytically, regions cut across the various approaches of interest like economics, geography, planning, politics, and sociology. Thu s, regions focus on the economic, social, political, cultural, and ecological changes (Pike 2007, p. 1145). Evidently, regions exhibit contemporary controversies about space, place, and scale.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, researchers have embarked on studies to establish the standards of analysis and evidence of regions. Notably, most researchers agree that regions should be categorised depending on the data specification, collection, and analysis in more open, unbound, and discontinuous spatial units other than the space, place, and scale. The role of governance, policy, and politics in the regional level is essential in the definition of a region. The emergent forms of governance regarding participatory and democratic leadership with new geographies of devolution and multi-layering clearly depicts the definition of a region. Similarly, the use of regions to shape, develop, and deliver policies determine their definition (Stiftel 2005, p. 220). Additionally, power relations are critical in evaluating regions’ interests and development. This implies that the initiative of contesting demands the collective provision and interpretation of governance of regional firm networks. Theref ore, it is crucial to realise that regions have more importance to contesters as they promote the emergence of spatial imaginaries at the city-region and local levels. Consequently, the main requirement of regional studies is to reflect on the need to articulate the normative content and intent of people’s work towards sustainable development at the local and regional levels. In defining regions, it is critical to adopt the Meyer’s classification of economies approach. This approach defines regions with respect to spatial differentiation. In this regard, there are the homogeneous, nodal, and programming regions (Salet 2003, p. 125). The homogeneous approach reflects on the regions that exhibit differentiating factors, but similar uniform terms of a certain criteria. This approach’s use has been significant with the analysis of economic activities. The nodal regions adopt the fact that there are nodes or market areas within the surrounding of the suburban areas t hat supply the nodes. Additionally, the government’s implementations of policies that create differentiating factors influence the programming regions. All these forms the influencing factors of a region explain the exact nature of a region. The process of contrasting regions and cities demands the analysis of regions space, scale, and social factors. Initially, the first contrast entails the definition of cities or regions with regard to the spatial-sectored factors, interaction between zones, external interaction or scale and change. The spatial-sectored structures refer the combination of the urban area (C zone) and the hinterland or surrounding regions (S zone). The interaction between zones entails how the C zone and S zone symbiotically relate with respect to their economic interdependence (Pacione 2005, p. 44). The external interactions depict how two different zones interact without losing their sight to the external economic relations. Similarly, scale and change por tray the extensiveness of an area and the frequency of changes in such regions. In this regard, adequate attention on the spatial structure and the change emerging due to evolution is vital. Another contrasting element of the types of regions is the polycentric urban region (PUR). This component entails the spatial structure, patterns of interaction and economic prospects of PUR. The spatial structure entails the grouping of urban areas that meet certain conditions such as the clustered distribution of urban areas, maximum and minimum spacing, lack of direct relationship between centres and any dominance, and the average level of interaction between centres. The patterns of interaction entail the labour-market interaction between centres. The economic prospects refer to the formation of a metropolitan area without its accompanying disadvantages. This fosters the efficient delivery of services and the adoption of appropriate system of governance. There are other ways of identifying P UR. These include the alternative interpretation of regions and polycentric megacity region (Stilwell 1992, p. 128). This enables the identification and distinction of cities and regions. References Clapp, J. A. (1971). New towns and urban policy; planning metropolitan growth. Dunellen: New York. Frey, H., Yaneske, P. (2007). Visions of sustainability: cities and regions. Taylor Francis: London. Hufschmidt, M. M. (1969). Regional planning; challenge and prospects. Praeger: New York. Pacione, M. (2005). 3. Urban geography : global perspective (pp. 22-57). Routledge: New York, NY. Parr, J. B. (2008). Cities and regions: problems and potentials. Environment and Planning, 40, 3009-3026. Pike, A. (2007). Editorial: Whither Regional Studies?. Centre for Urban and RegionalDevelopment Studies (CURDS), 41(9), 1143-1148. Salet, W. G. (2003). Metropolitan governance and spatial planning: comparative case studies of European city-regions. Spon Press: London. Short, J. R. (1996). 18. The urban order : an introduction to cities, culture, and power (pp. 414-438). Blackwell Publishers: Cambridge, Mass., USA. Stiftel, B., Watson, V. (2005). Dialogues in urban and regional planning. Routledge: London. Stilwell, F. J. (1992). Understanding cities regions: spatial political economy. Pluto Press Australia: Leichhardt, NSW.

Is Locke's defence of toleration persuasive Essay - 1

Is Locke's defence of toleration persuasive - Essay Example Locke’s defence of toleration is persuasive and valuable not merely because he employs the principle of state of nature to justify toleration but also because he promotes a responsibility to tolerate others by encouraging a tradition of dialogue, cooperation, and liberality among members of the body politic. Basically, Locke defines toleration as â€Å"a right to care for one’s own civil and religious ends, free from the magistrate’s limited authority†. This essay thoroughly demonstrates that Locke’s defence of toleration is persuasive. Definitely, Locke would have viewed his defence of toleration as a component of a continuous discourse within the 17th-century Protestant fellowship about the nature of true belief. Obviously, viewing Locke’s defence of toleration as too abstract or too general will fail to capture the very essence of his arguments, and they should be understood within the perspective in which they were developed. Locke’s central argument is that the state and church should be independent or separated because they influence and engage in different domains of public and private life and, thus, they should not interfere with each other’s businesses. Locke does not promote, apparently, the benevolent 21st-century Church of England, which is supported by the state and does not oblige participation, but the forceful 17th-century Church of England, wherein everybody was obliged to take part in. The argument against this kind of active and insistent state involvement in religious issue s, Locke claims, can be justified: the state does not have a role in the salvation of souls; the attempts of the state to intervene in religious matters will be unsuccessful because it cannot oblige citizens to accept a faith truthfully; and, the state is incapable of assuring the deliverance of its members. It is the contention of this essay that these arguments are mostly persuasive. The three major